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DATA SECURITY

DATA SECURITY

Data Security refers to all measures and techniques used to protect digital data from unauthorized access, alteration, destruction, or disclosure throughout its entire lifecycle.

The primary goal of Data Security is to ensure that data adheres to the fundamental principles of information security, commonly known as the CIA Triad:

Core Components of Data Security (The CIA Triad)

1. Confidentiality
• Definition: Ensuring that data is accessible only to those who are authorized.
• Key Measures: Encryption of data both when it is at rest and when it is in transit, and strict Access Control management.

2. Integrity
• Definition: Ensuring that the data is accurate, precise, and complete, and has not been unauthorizedly altered or destroyed.
• Key Measures: Using Digital Signatures and Data Integrity Checks mechanisms to verify that the data has not been tampered with.

3. Availability
• Definition: Ensuring that authorized users can always access and use the data when needed.
• Key Measures: Implementing regular Data Backup and a comprehensive Disaster Recovery Plan to prevent data loss from various events.

Data Security vs. Data Privacy

Although related, these two terms have distinct differences:

Feature	Data Security	Data Privacy
Primary Goal	Protecting data from external threats (theft, malware, unauthorized access).	Controlling data usage (collection, processing, sharing) according to the law and the data owner's intent.
Focus	Technical measures and tools (Encryption, Firewall, Antivirus).	Individual rights, laws, and policies (PDPA, GDPR, Consent).
Relationship	Data Security is a prerequisite that must be established for Data Privacy to be realized.	Data Privacy defines how data should be used and who has the right to access it (which requires Security for enforcement).